Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentences are sentences express factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are called so because the validity of the main clause of this sentence is dependent on the existence of certain circumstances, which can be expressed in the dependent clause or can be understood from the context. A full conditional sentences (one which expresses the condition and consequence) because it contains two clauses: the dependent clause expresses a condition, which is called protasisnya, and the main clause expresses the consequences, is called the apodosis example. sentence (in United Kingdom) is as follows: if it rains, the picnic will be cancelled.

There are three types of conditional sentences:

Type	Condition
1	Condition possible to fulfill
2	Condition in theory possible to fulfill
3	Condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form

type	if-clause	main clause
I	Simple Present	will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
II	Simple Past	would + infinitive *
III	Past Perfect	would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type	if clause	main clause
I	If I study,	I will pass the exam.
II	If I studied,	I would pass the exam.
III	If I had studied,	I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)

type	main clause	if-clause
I	I will pass the exam	if I study.
II	I would pass the exam	if I studied.
III	I would have passed the exam	if I had studied.

4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type		Examples
		long forms	short/contracted forms
I	+	If I study, I will pass the exam.	If I study, I'll pass the exam.
	-	If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.	If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II	+	If I studied, I would pass the exam.	If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
	-	If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.	If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III	+	If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.	If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
	-	If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.	If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

Type 1

"First conditional" refers to predictive conditional sentences (see above section); here, normally, the condition is expressed using the present tense and the consequence using the future:

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative

                                                                        atau

result/consequence + if + condition

(will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present

Example:

       Ø  If you love someone, you will let yourself to say.

       Ø  If I have a nos (nitrous oxide system) of my car, I will race like a jet.

       Ø  If you make a mistake, someone will let you know.

Type 2

"Second conditional" refers to the pattern where the condition clause is in the past tense, and the consequence in conditional mood (using would or, in the first person and rarely, should). This is used for hypothetical, counterfactual situations in a present or future time frame (where the condition expressed is known to be false or is presented as unlikely).

if + condition, result/consequence

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

atau

result/consequence + if + condition

would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

Example:

       Ø  If it were to rain tomorrow, I would dance in the street.

       Ø  If I liked parties, I would attend more of them.

       Ø  If you felt what you got here, you would be thankful everyday.

The past tense used in the condition clause is historically the past subjunctive; however in modern English this is identical to the past indicative except in certain dialects in the case of the verb be (first and third person singular), where the indicative is was and the subjunctive were. In  this case either form may be used (was is more colloquial, and were more formal, although the phrase if I were you is common in colloquial language too):

If I (he, she, it) was/were rich, there would be plenty of money available for this project.

Type 3

"Third conditional" is the pattern where the condition clause is in the past perfect, and the consequence is expressed using the conditional perfect. This is used to refer to hypothetical, counterfactual (or believed likely to be counterfactual) situations in the past

           

if + condition, result/consequence

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

atau

result/consequence + if + condition

would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Example:

       Ø  If you had called me, I would have come.

       Ø  If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

       Ø  If you passed the exam nicely, you would have nice mark.

Reference:

https://www.translate.com/english/kalimat-kondisional-adalah-kalimat-mengekspresikan-implikasi-faktual-atau-situasi-hipotetis-dan-kon

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-conditional-sentence-type-1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm